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Punjab Economy Statistical Data
Statistical Overview of Punjab’s Economy in 2025
The economy of Punjab, one of India’s most agriculturally advanced states, has evolved significantly in 2025. Below is a comprehensive statistical analysis of Punjab’s economic indicators, sectoral performance, and fiscal health, highlighting its role in India’s overall economic framework.
1. Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP)
- Nominal GSDP (2025): ₹11.15 lakh crore (approximately $135 billion USD).
- GSDP Growth Rate (2024-25): 6.8%, showing steady growth from 6.4% in the previous fiscal year.
- Per Capita Income: ₹2.58 lakh (approximately $3,130 USD), ranking Punjab among the top Indian states in terms of per capita income.
Sectoral Contributions to GSDP
- Agriculture and Allied Activities: 27% of GSDP.
- Industry: 24% of GSDP.
- Services Sector: 49% of GSDP.
Punjab’s economy continues to diversify, with services leading the growth trajectory, while agriculture remains a backbone of the state’s economy.
2. Fiscal Indicators
Revenue and Expenditure
- Total Revenue Receipts (2024-25): ₹1.04 lakh crore.
- Total Revenue Expenditure: ₹1.32 lakh crore.
- Revenue Deficit: -₹28,000 crore (-2.9% of GSDP).
Fiscal Deficit
- Fiscal Deficit (2024-25): -₹46,000 crore (-4.1% of GSDP), within the FRBM limits prescribed by the central government.
- Outstanding Debt: 44.1% of GSDP in 2025, a slight increase from 43.9% in 2024.
Committed Expenditures
- Salaries and Wages: ₹35,168 crore.
- Interest Payments: ₹23,900 crore.
- Pensions: ₹19,800 crore.
- Power Subsidy: ₹20,200 crore (19% of revenue receipts), reflecting the government’s continued focus on supporting the agricultural sector.
3. Agricultural Sector
Agriculture remains pivotal to Punjab’s economy, employing over 35% of the state’s workforce and contributing significantly to India’s food security.
Production Statistics
- Wheat Production (2025): 18.5 million tonnes (25% of India’s total wheat production).
- Rice Production: 12.3 million tonnes (12% of India’s total rice production).
- Other Crops: Maize and sugarcane have seen an increase in production due to government incentives.
Irrigation and Land Use
- Net Irrigated Area: 98% of the total cultivated land.
- Fertilizer Use: 239 kg per hectare, among the highest in India.
- Crop Diversification: Efforts to reduce dependence on wheat and rice are ongoing, with horticulture and organic farming gaining traction.
Subsidies and Support
- Total Agricultural Subsidies: ₹38,000 crore, including free power to farmers, fertilizer subsidies, and minimum support prices (MSPs).
4. Industrial Sector
Punjab’s industrial base is expanding with emphasis on agro-based industries, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.
Key Statistics
- Industrial Growth Rate (2025): 7.9%.
- Major Industries:
- Agro-based industries (50% of the industrial output).
- Textile and apparel (15% of the industrial output).
- Pharmaceuticals and chemicals (10% of the industrial output).
- MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises): Over 2.3 lakh units contributing 35% to industrial GDP.
Investment Statistics
- FDI Inflows (2024-25): ₹2,100 crore.
- Government Incentives: ₹3,000 crore allocated for industrial infrastructure development.
- Key Initiatives: Establishment of new industrial parks and export hubs in Ludhiana and Amritsar.
5. Services Sector
The services sector leads Punjab’s economic growth, driven by trade, transportation, financial services, and IT.
Key Statistics
- Contribution to GSDP: 49%.
- Growth Rate: 7.2%.
- Major Sub-sectors:
- Trade and Transportation: 18%.
- Financial Services: 12%.
- IT and Software Exports: 5%, with a growing presence in Mohali and Chandigarh.
6. Infrastructure Development
Roads and Highways
- Total Road Length: 72,500 km.
- National Highways: 2,769 km, with ongoing projects to add 500 km by 2026.
Railways
- Railway Network: 2,126 km, connecting major industrial and agricultural hubs.
- Electrification: 85% of railway lines electrified.
Airports
- Operational Airports: 3 (Amritsar, Mohali, Bathinda).
- Passenger Traffic (2025): 8 million annually.
- Cargo Traffic: 120,000 tonnes, boosted by agricultural exports.
Energy
- Installed Power Capacity: 14,500 MW.
- Renewable Energy: 25% of the total capacity, including solar and biomass.
7. Trade and Exports
Punjab’s strategic location and agricultural surplus make it a key player in India’s trade landscape.
Exports Statistics
- Total Exports (2024-25): ₹92,000 crore.
- Key Export Commodities:
- Processed Foods: 30%.
- Textiles and Apparel: 25%.
- Engineering Goods: 15%.
Import Statistics
- Major Imports: Machinery, fertilizers, and crude oil.
- Total Imports: ₹60,000 crore.
Key Export Destinations: USA, Canada, UAE, and Europe.
8. Social Indicators and Employment
Population and Demographics
- Total Population (2025): 30.2 million.
- Urbanization Rate: 42%, reflecting steady migration to cities.
Unemployment Rate
- 2024-25: 5.8%, showing improvement due to government employment schemes.
Literacy Rate
- Overall Literacy Rate: 77.5%.
- Female Literacy Rate: 72.3%, reflecting progress in gender equity.
Poverty Rate
- 2025 Estimate: 9.5%, reduced from 11.2% in 2023 due to poverty alleviation programs.
9. Government Schemes and Expenditures
Agriculture and Rural Development
- Crop Insurance Scheme: Covering 80% of farmers, with claims worth ₹1,500 crore in 2024-25.
- Irrigation Projects: ₹4,000 crore allocated to improve water-use efficiency.
Education and Healthcare
- Education Budget: ₹8,500 crore, with emphasis on digital classrooms and skill development.
- Healthcare Budget: ₹6,200 crore, focusing on primary healthcare centers and COVID-19 preparedness.
Infrastructure Development
- Allocation (2025): ₹16,000 crore, covering roads, railways, and renewable energy.
10. Challenges and Future Outlook
Key Challenges
- Water Scarcity: Over 75% of blocks face groundwater depletion.
- Debt Burden: High outstanding debt impacts fiscal flexibility.
- Stagnation in Agriculture: Overdependence on wheat and rice hampers diversification.
Future Outlook
- Projected GSDP Growth (2025-30): 7% annually.
- Focus Areas: Crop diversification, MSME growth, renewable energy, and digital economy.
- Investment Potential: Strategic location near international borders and proximity to key markets offer immense opportunities for trade and investment.
Punjab’s economy in 2025 reflects resilience and growth, supported by robust agricultural production, an expanding industrial base, and a dynamic services sector. While challenges remain, the state’s strategic initiatives and resource potential provide a promising outlook for sustained economic development.
FAQs
- What is the population of Punjab?
Answer: As of the latest census, Punjab has a population of approximately 30 million people. - What is the literacy rate in Punjab?
Answer: The literacy rate in Punjab is around 76.6%. - What is the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Punjab?
Answer: Punjab’s GSDP is approximately ₹6.5 trillion. - What are the major crops grown in Punjab?
Answer: Major crops include wheat, rice, and cotton. - What is the average annual rainfall in Punjab?
Answer: Punjab receives an average annual rainfall of about 700 mm. - What is the sex ratio in Punjab?
Answer: The sex ratio in Punjab is approximately 896 females per 1000 males. - What is the unemployment rate in Punjab?
Answer: The unemployment rate in Punjab is around 7.6%. - What is the life expectancy in Punjab?
Answer: The life expectancy in Punjab is approximately 70 years. - What is the urbanization rate in Punjab?
Answer: Around 37% of Punjab’s population lives in urban areas. - What is the per capita income in Punjab?
Answer: The per capita income in Punjab is approximately ₹1.5 lakh per annum. - What is the poverty rate in Punjab?
Answer: The poverty rate in Punjab is around 8%. - What is the area of Punjab?
Answer: Punjab covers an area of approximately 50,362 square kilometers. - What is the population density of Punjab?
Answer: The population density of Punjab is around 500 people per square kilometer. - What is the fertility rate in Punjab?
Answer: The fertility rate in Punjab is approximately 2.1 children per woman. - What is the infant mortality rate in Punjab?
Answer: The infant mortality rate in Punjab is around 30 per 1000 live births. - What is the maternal mortality rate in Punjab?
Answer: The maternal mortality rate in Punjab is around 130 per 100,000 live births. - What is the primary language spoken in Punjab?
Answer: The primary language spoken in Punjab is Punjabi. - What is the major religion in Punjab?
Answer: The major religion in Punjab is Sikhism, followed by Hinduism. - What is the average household size in Punjab?
Answer: The average household size in Punjab is around 5 members. - What is the percentage of agricultural land in Punjab?
Answer: Around 80% of Punjab’s land is used for agriculture. - What is the average farm size in Punjab?
Answer: The average farm size in Punjab is around 3.5 hectares. - What is the main source of irrigation in Punjab?
Answer: The main source of irrigation in Punjab is canal irrigation. - What is the percentage of rural population in Punjab?
Answer: Around 63% of Punjab’s population lives in rural areas. - What is the percentage of the workforce engaged in agriculture in Punjab?
Answer: Approximately 40% of Punjab’s workforce is engaged in agriculture. - What is the annual growth rate of Punjab’s economy?
Answer: Punjab’s economy has an annual growth rate of around 6%.
